Finally, we examine the effect on domestic firms in industries where IJVs are more prevalent. This external effect – theleakage of advanced technology beyond the confines of IJVs – is found toengender better performance among other domestic Chinese firms. When the shareof an industry’s sales conducted by IJVs grows by 10 percent, the typical domestic Chinese firm in the industry is found to be on average 10 percent more productive. For the effect arising from domestic IJV partners, a 10 percent increase in partner firms’ share of industry sales yields around a 4.5 percent increase in other firms’ productivity. Strikingly, the bulk of these external effects seem to arise from joint ventures established with American partners,an aspect of our analysis that sheds light on the origins of current U.S. complaints about unauthorized technology transfers.

最后，我们考察了在中外合资企业比较普遍的行业中，（组建合资企业）对其它本土企业的影响。分析发现，这种外部效应——先进技术的外溢超出了合资企业的范围——在中国国内其它企业中产生了更好的绩效。当合资企业在某一行业的销售份额增长10%时，该行业中典型的中国本土企业的生产率平均会提高10%。对于合资企业中国合作伙伴的影响是，合作伙伴公司在行业销售中所占份额每增加10%，其它公司的生产率就会提高4.5%左右。（译者注：图1中有两个external，这两句话，分别做了考察。）引人注目的是，这些外部影响的大部分似乎来自于与